Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain

Top Menu

  • About US
  • Join US
  • Videos
  • Infographics
  • Comment
  • Question and Answer
  • Watch us Live

Main Menu

  • Home
  • Viewpoint
  • Islamic Culture
  • Da’wah
  • Media
  • People
    • Sheikh Taqiuddin an-Nabahani (Founder)
    • Sheikh Abdul Qadeem Zallum (Successor)
    • Sheikh Ata Abu Rashta (Ameer)
    • Abdul Wahid
    • Abu Yusuf
    • Jamal Harwood
    • Taji Mustafa
  • Books
  • Youth
  • Covid-19
  • About US
  • Join US
  • Videos
  • Infographics
  • Comment
  • Question and Answer
  • Watch us Live

logo

Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain

  • Home
  • Viewpoint
    • Abortion isn’t about Roe v Wade but Truth v Hypocrisy

      June 27, 2022
      0
    • Bangladesh Floods: farcical mantra of economic success disguising failure to provide basic ...

      June 24, 2022
      0
    • The Sectarian Card – Shia and Sunni divisions under the spotlight

      June 5, 2022
      0
    • Making Sense of Pakistan

      April 16, 2022
      0
    • How Should We View the War in Ukraine?

      March 30, 2022
      0
    • The India Hijab Issue from an Islamic Perspective

      March 24, 2022
      0
    • DEEP DIVE: The Weaponisation and Politicisation of British Citizenship Laws

      March 12, 2022
      0
    • Our Role in the Ukraine war is to Expose the Propaganda

      March 2, 2022
      0
    • Muslims Should Rejoice Over the Islamic Ruling System

      January 21, 2022
      0
  • Islamic Culture
    • Reading Quran

      The story of the man who was told to “Enter Paradise” and ...

      January 24, 2022
      0
    • Significance of Rabi’ul-Awwal

      October 10, 2021
      0
    • Virtues of the Month of Muharram

      August 10, 2021
      0
    • The significance of first 10 days of Dhul Hijjah

      July 10, 2021
      0
    • The Honour of the Prophets

      April 30, 2021
      0
    • A to Z of Ramadan

      April 19, 2021
      0
    • The Dawah to Allah (swt)

      December 29, 2020
      0
    • Miracle of the Quran

      Q & A - Compilation of The Holy Quran During the Reign ...

      December 27, 2020
      0
    • Imam Bukhari: A Role Model for the ‘Ulema and Da’wah Carriers to ...

      November 17, 2020
      0
  • Da’wah
    • National Conferences : From al-Hind to al-Quds: Speak Out | Act | ...

      June 18, 2022
      0
    • Public Demonstration - Independence Not Intervention

      April 22, 2022
      0
    • VIDEO : [LIVESTREAMED] Pakistan in Crisis: The Players, Politics, and People

      April 20, 2022
      0
    • Ramadan Message: The World Needs Islam - We Must Work for the ...

      April 1, 2022
      0
    • The India Hijab Issue from an Islamic Perspective

      March 24, 2022
      0
    • Ramadhan event: Kyiv to Kabul: The World Needs Islam

      March 20, 2022
      0
    • Obituary of a Dawah Carrier Dr. Youssef Haj Youssef

      December 30, 2021
      0
    • Open Letter to Imams and Muslim Leaders

      September 28, 2021
      0
    • Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain Sends Delegation to Chinese Embassy Condemning the Inhumane Treatment ...

      June 30, 2021
      0
  • Media
  • People
    • Sheikh Taqiuddin an-Nabahani (Founder)
    • Sheikh Abdul Qadeem Zallum (Successor)
    • Sheikh Ata Abu Rashta (Ameer)
    • Abdul Wahid
    • Abu Yusuf
    • Jamal Harwood
    • Taji Mustafa
  • Books
  • Youth
  • Covid-19
News Watch
Home›News Watch›Egypt secularists and liberals afraid of democracy?

Egypt secularists and liberals afraid of democracy?

By Press Editor
July 15, 2011
1095
0
Share:

By Omar Ashour

Middle East analyst

Nearly 60 years ago, the Egyptian military faced a similar political dilemma to the one it confronts today.

“If I held elections today, al-Nahas would win, not us. Then our achievement would be nothing,” Maj Gamal Abdel Nasser told a meeting of army officers and Muslim Brotherhood leaders on 29 December 1952.

Nasser was discussing the future of political transition in Egypt after the July coup, led by the Free Officers’ Movement, that overthrew King Farouk and eventually saw Nasser installed as Egypt’s president.

The rest of the story is well-known: parliament was dissolved, political parties were banned, basic freedoms were suspended, and the army dominated politics. In short, Egypt lost its freedom.

The man who stood to win – had an election been held in 1952 – was Mustafa al-Nahas, the head of the secular-liberal Wafd Party, once the most popular political party in Egypt.

Worried by the prospect of a liberal electoral victory, the leadership of the Muslim Brotherhood supported the decision of Nasser and his Revolutionary Command Council to ban all political parties.

The reasons were pragmatic, not ideological. The Brotherhood’s leaders thought that this would give them an advantage in a political sphere free of strong actors. That, of course, was an enormous miscalculation.

By 1954, Nasser and his clique dominated the army and had ousted pro-democracy officers, marginalised the liberals and then heavily suppressed his former allies, the Muslim Brotherhood.

The brutal crackdown significantly diminished the local networks of the Brotherhood until the mid-1970s. But it never destroyed them.

Roles reversed

Today there is no Revolutionary Command Council. Egypt is governed by the Supreme Council of Armed Forces.

In the role of the working-class, young, radical and charismatic Maj Nasser is the 75-year-old Field Marshal Mohamed Hussein Tantawi. Under his command, the council speaks of democratic transition, with a special status reserved for the military, its institutions and interests. The analogy with events nearly 60 years ago is not perfect. Some of the roles have reversed. In the place of the liberals of the Wafd is today’s Muslim Brotherhood.

In a stark contrast of 1952, the Islamists are playing the role of the democrats, and the liberals are calling for the army to stay in power.

Egypt’s first ever free, democratic referendum was held on 19 March 2011. In it, 77.27% of voters approved a package of constitutional amendments that included holding parliamentary elections, and then electing 100 MPs to form a constitutional assembly.

The assembly will craft Egypt’s new constitution within six months. Then, another referendum will be held to approve or reject it.

So, the “Yes” can be seen as a vote for a plan to get out of a volatile political phase.

Being the most organised and, arguably, the most popular party in Egypt, the Brotherhood backed the “Yes” vote and wants elections in September, like the majority of other Egyptian Islamists.

Most secularists, including many leftists and liberals, voted “No”. Today, secular and liberal forces in Egypt are weak, fragmented, organisationally immature and alienated from the wider Egyptian public.

They risk losing any forthcoming elections (whether in September or a year later). They also deeply mistrust the Brotherhood and other Islamist groups.

Assuming it is victorious in September, the Brotherhood may have a strong presence and influence on the constitutional assembly. Egypt could therefore have an Islamist-leaning constitution.

‘Constitution first’

The liberals do have an alternative plan, but it is not a convincing one.

They propose rejecting or ignoring the referendum’s result (the choice of 77% of Egyptian voters), a longer stay in power for the Supreme Council of Armed Forces, and somehow forming a constitutional assembly without elections (there is no consensus on the mechanism). This is the so-called “constitution first” plan.

There are good reasons for the popularity of the Muslim Brotherhood that could offer secularists some salutary lessons for the coming phase.

Very limited political space was granted to Islamists and liberals alike by successive Egyptian presidents.

But the Brotherhood countered this by becoming active in universities and syndicates throughout Egypt, recruiting young people, building coalitions and, eventually, abandoning and de-legitimising political violence. Alongside this, the organisation provided a wide variety of social services.

Their success is down to organisational hard work and impressive dedication. They are in many ways a textbook example of how to survive and prosper in highly unfavourable political conditions.

It seems to have escaped all sides in Egyptian politics though that whoever governs Egypt in September after elections may well end up much less popular after four years. High expectations, poor economic conditions, shocking levels of unemployment and underemployment, a volatile security situation and rapid social change throw up huge challenges for any government, regardless of ideology.

So, the secularists may actually gain more by accepting the results of the referendum that is seen by many as Egypt’s first free and fair democratic exercise, recognising that they are likely to lose the first post-Mubarak election, and strategising for the coming rounds.

This would give them the time to focus on building coalitions, on establishing social service networks, on organising stronger political parties and on relaying their message across Egyptian society and beyond the urban elites.

On this last point, the secular and liberal parties need to always remember that while at least 34% of Egypt’s 55 million adults are illiterate, all of them have the right to vote.

Dr Omar Ashour is Lecturer in Politics and the Director of the Middle East Graduate Studies Program at the Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies, University of Exeter. He is the author of The De-Radicalization of Jihadists: Transforming Armed Islamist Movements.

BBC

 

TagsDemocracy
Previous Article

Palestinian Authority arrests 13 Hizb ut-Tahrir members ...

Next Article

VIDEO: Pakistan and the work for Khilafah

0
Shares
  • 0
  • +

National Conferences

Join US on Telegram

Podcast

Latest Posts

Viewpoint

Abortion isn’t about Roe v Wade but Truth v Hypocrisy

he recent US Supreme Court verdict reversing Roe v Wade dominated the front pages of every Western media outlet. Abortion has become so toxic that even the worst cost of living crisis ...
  • Bangladesh Floods: farcical mantra of economic success disguising failure to provide basic protection

    By Editor
    June 24, 2022
  • National Conferences : From al-Hind to al-Quds: Speak Out | Act | Liberate

    By Editor
    June 18, 2022
  • The Champions of Free Speech Haven’t a Leg to Stand on

    By Yahya Nisbet
    June 13, 2022
  • Two July Conferences on Indian and Zionist Oppression Organised by Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain

    By Yahya Nisbet
    June 10, 2022
  • The Sectarian Card – Shia and Sunni divisions under the spotlight

    By Editor
    June 5, 2022
  • Muslims Must Condemn the Hate Filled Film and the Attempt to Divide Us

    By Yahya Nisbet
    June 5, 2022
  • Protest in London Says No To More Democracy, Yes to the Khilafah

    By Yahya Nisbet
    May 7, 2022
  • Press Centre